As a city manager one must constantly make decisions that...

As a city manager one must constantly make decisions that affect thousands of people. Every decision is important however, budget decisions tend to be decisions that bring conflict and uncertainty. When the humble city of Louisville, managed to raise a surplus of million dollars, the city as a whole, to include city Council and the public was extremely excited. Not only because a surplus is a great challenge in this economy, but because a million dollars could go back into the community and help this wonderful city of Louisville. Unfortunately the million dollars will not go very far in today’s economy. We currently have two groups that have expressed their desire to obtain the surplus. The first group is comprised of the Louisville†¦show more content†¦The city of Louisville hopes to have the same success as the neighboring cities. As a city manager, one must recommend that the city Council give the extra funds to either of the two groups. Because both groups have strong constituents, a decision must be made that will satisfy both groups. At first neither group has expressed any interest in retrieving the request or compromising. The fact that both groups feel so strongly about the cause has created a bit of conflict between both groups. Conflict however is not necessarily a negative aspect of decision-making, however in order for conflict result in a productive outcome, as city manager, one must handle the situation property (Denhardt, Denhardt, Aristigueta, 2013, p.354). In order to determine who will receive the extra funding, I created small committee to resolve the issue. The committee was comprised of two members of the police department, two members of the downtown small business Association, and myself. We took Faerman’s suggestions as guidance to our conflict resolution (Denhardt, Denhardt, Aristigueta, 2013, p.370). First, I scheduled meeting in my a neutral environment, in order to brainstorm how both parties can ultimately reach their goal, not of receiving the extra funds, but that of beautify downtown and creating a repeat offender units. I stated the main objective is not to determine who will receive the funds but how we can manage to give each group what they want. During the first meeting weShow MoreRelatedand then there were none1421 Words   |  6 Pages1. Discuss the role of the poem â€Å"Ten Little Indians† in And Then There Were None. Why does the murderer choose to follow the poem so closely? What effect does t his have on the characters A: The â€Å"Ten Little Indians† rhyme guides the progression of the novel. The singsong, childish verses tell the story of the deaths of ten Indian boys and end with the line that gives the novel its title: â€Å"and then there were none.† A framed copy of the rhyme hangs in every bedroom, and ten small Indian figures sitRead MoreAnd Then There Were None by Agatha Christie1182 Words   |  5 PagesAnd Then There Were None by Agatha Christie nbsp;And Then There Were None, is an intriguing murder mystery novel that follows the lines of a poem called Ten Little Indians.nbsp; The story is intricately written to keep the reader in absolute suspense from the beginning to end. The novel involves eight people being mysteriously invited to spend a summer holiday on Indian Island.nbsp; Among the eight are a judge (Justice John Wargrave), doctor (Edward James Armstrong), military generalRead More And Then There Were None Essay1114 Words   |  5 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;And Then There Were None, written by Agatha Christie is a thrilling tale of ten people invited to a remote island by an unseen figure who never appears throughout the story. All those who were invited have pasts that they are hiding and many things to fear. The guests are cast upon Indian Island, an island off the coast of England around the 1930s. Strangers to each other, slowly they reveal their shameful pasts. Coincidently, the name which they were invited by, MrRead MoreCharacterization in and Then There Were None798 Words   |  4 PagesKatherine Quimbayo Set 6 September 16, 2010 Characterization in And Than There Were None Agatha Christie uses characterization to show the evil side of human nature, in her mystery novel And Then There Were None, through three important characters, which include Vera Claythorne, Philip Lombard, and Justice Wargrave. Christie shows characterization through Vera by making her a Dynamic character. Vera changes through the course of the work by influence of the life threatening situation thatRead MoreAnd Then There Were None by Agatha Christie750 Words   |  3 PagesAgatha Christies riveting novel, And Then There Were None, is one that has suspense all the way to the very end. Eight strangers are invited to Indian Island, off the English coast. Their names are Dr. Armstrong, Vera Claythorne, Philip Lombard, William Blore, Emily Brent, General Macarthur, Tony Marston, and Judge Wargrave. All think they are meeting someone different for different reasons. When they arrive on the island though, they are greeted by Mr. and Mrs. Rogers, who are servants for theRead MoreEssay And Then There Were None by Christie Agatha1625 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"The little china figure fell from her hand. It rolled unneeded and broke against the fender† (Christie 268). She also thought that’s what Hugo wanted her to because she was responsible for his nephew death. The antagonist of And Then There Were None is Judge Justice Wargrave. He was also known as Issac Morris to hide his real identity from all the other characters. He was the judge of all of the characters cases and he found them guilty and thought it was right for them to die. He knew almostRead MoreIrony In And Then There Were None By Agatha Christie1174 Words   |  5 PagesThen There Were None, the mystery novel by Agatha Christie, exemplifies two of the three types of irony. Situational irony and dramatic irony are evident throughout the novel, and despite the fact that sarcasm and verbal irony are closely linked with each other, neither is found in this novel. General Macarthur’s death, William Blore’s death, Emily Brent’s death, Vera Claythorne’s amusement, and the alias of U.N. Owen all are instances of irony in the novel. And Then There Were None corroboratesRead MoreThe Novel And Then There Were None By Agatha Christie839 Words   |  4 Pages The novel And Then There Were None was written by Agatha Christie and was published in 1939. The mystery novel is about how ten people are trapped on an island with a murderer. Agatha Christie’s novel for tales a story, that dreadful will always be paid for their crimes. The setting of the novel takes place on Indian Island, a fictional island near the coast of England. The time in the novel is during 1930s. The characters are Justice Wargrave, Vera Claythorne, Philip Lombard, Emily Brent, GeneralRead MoreAnd Then There Were None by Agatha Christie Essay683 Words   |  3 PagesImagine knowing how you would die. Paranoia? Schizophrenia? Insomnia? All of these feelings would set in as you sat waiting to be the next victim. Ten Little Indians, published as And Then There Were None when it dà ©buted in America, brought a wonderful sense of mystery into the life of the American. Written by Agatha Christie, it was published in 1939 as a fiction murder mystery. The story is set on an island off the coast of Devon, England during the thirties. Ten Little Indians is a classic murderRead MoreAnaylsis of And Then There Were None by Agatha Christie Essay902 Words   |  4 PagesThe book that I read was called â€Å"And Then There Were None† by Agatha Christie. This version of the book was published in 2001, originally published as Ten Little Niggers. This book takes place along the time of World War II on a dreary island that no one knows where it is. Ten people were invited to this island off of the coast of England for one soul purpose. They were morally guilty of the death of someone to which they had gotten away with. The main idea of this book is that things do come back

The Anti-Immigrant Movement in the U.S. - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1097 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/10/30 Category Law Essay Level High school Tags: Immigration Reform Essay Did you like this example? With the recent upheave and potential changes to the United States immigration policies, it is important to remember the historic relationship that America has with immigrants. After her completion in 1886, the Statue of Liberty became a symbolic figure to America, as well as a celebration of democracy. The actual figure is not what initially welcomed the huddled masses that it deems itself to be today. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Anti-Immigrant Movement in the U.S." essay for you Create order It was the New Colossus poem transcribed at the Statue of Libertys base that welcomed the new migrates from across the globe. Written by Emma Lazarus, a prominent defender of immigration, the New Colossus was constructed around the idea of pro-immigration. When analyzing the poem, the line Give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, the wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door!, strictly focuses on the idea that regardless the background, all immigrants are welcome. Given the historical timeline, European immigrants settled on the East Coast around 1600. Although it varies from group to group, the common theme among the European immigrants who settled was either religious freedom, or material prosperity. Through the diverse intentions and motivations, the rise of a new civilization would begin on the Northern part of the continent. Eventually, over a course of nearly four centuries, the movement of Europeans to the so called New World grew from a few hundred, to a few million. For years to come, America would begin to establish its setting in the world, and individuals from around the globe would advance forth into the country for residency. The famously known Ellis Island is one of the most prominent disparities within our American culture. For 60 years, Ellis Island operated as a haven for immigrants who were either escaping the harsh reality of their home country or attempting to obtain a more virtuous lifestyle in the United States. Today, it said that nearly 40% of all U.S. citizens can trace at least one of their ancestors back to Ellis Island (History.com). The immigration surrounding the United States began with a positive connotation. Eventually, the country would be seen to the outer world as the melting pot. To be broad, the melting pot metaphor implies a merging of cultures, and intermarriage of different ethnicities. Recently, the United States has had a great deal with the so called second wave of migration. To ones surprise, most of these immigrants are not from European backgrounds, but from the still developing Latin America and Asian countries. Once a movement of people by which society pays homage to, the issue today is a deeply matted racial division. Most immigrants that individuals know of today are either seen in the headlines labeled as a controversy, or a white woman in an ancestral DNA test advertisement. Starting with the controversy, this term seems to only apply to immigrants from Latin America, to be more specific: Mexico. In the U.S. public opinion and legal system, immigration from Mexico holds a complex positio n. Throughout the 20th century, the laws on immigration have practically swung back and forth. At times these laws have seemed to welcome them, and others have seemingly shut the door on their faces. Over the years, Congress attempted to come to some type of compromise, which of course failed. The more prevalent one is the DREAM Act, which is generally a path to U.S. citizenship upon meeting certain requirements. The DREAM Act was tossed and turned around Congress for nearly a decade before reaching the attention of former President Obama, who then brought the failure to attention. In response to this, Obama passed the Deferred Action of Childhood Arrivals (DACA), which according to the National Immigration Law center is for people who received temporary permission to stay in the U.S., as well as employment authorization, for two-year periods, and they could apply to renew that permission and work authorization for additional two-year periods (National Immigration Law Center). On the contrary, the GOP accused former President Obama of abusing his executive powers (keep in mind that the GOP is the Republican Party), even though his course of action was of that like Ronald Reagan a nd George H.W. Bushs plan, who both happened to affiliate themselves with the Republican Party. Hypocrisy much? Practically since the birth of The United States, white America has fueled every motive to stir up fear about immigrants. Whether it is through violent acts of terrorism, lawfully, or white supremacy, these horrific acts have been used as a tactic to literally scare the white people of America. For example, in 1798, the Alien and Sedation Acts were passed and signed into law by President Adams (The Alien and Sedation Acts). These laws included new powers to deport foreigners as well as making it harder for new immigrants to vote (The Alien and Sedation Acts), which ultimately became the beginning of immigration reform. Over time, more acts such as the Page Act of 1875, and The Chinese Exclusion Act were passed as way to ban the undesirable immigrants. More recently, President Trump ordered an end to the Obama-era implemented DACA program, which protects undocumented immigrants from deportation. Absurdity at its finest. Acts and orders as such only prove the true insecurities matted d eep within the roots of the United States. Realistically, white people seem to be the reason so many individuals are in an uproar about illegal immigration. Given a historical perspective, who was it that marched onto the shores of inhabited Northern American land? Who was it that slaughtered residents of a country and labeled them as savages? Through good genocide, who was it that relocated an entire population to so called reservations? Or, who was it that fought their way to aid the Jewish in concentration camps, but turned around and made a modern day, obviously less violent, Japanese concentration camps? The answer is: white people. Most can either refer it to colonization, or manifest destiny, but Americas treachery has always been their methodology. Immigration is not feared because of the crime rate, or plummeting economy; it has to do with the fear that the United States will transform into a nonwhite country. From an outside perspective, the so called anti-immigrant movement has to do more with fear and insecurity, not hate. The modern-day Donald Trump genocide seemingly reverses the concept that made this country a global force in the first place. Sure, one could say that the white people were the ones that founded the country, but can one say they did it alone?

Police Brutality Of The United States - 989 Words

Police brutality is the use of excessive force when dealing with civilians. Police abuse is one of the most serious human rights violations in the United States. It has been around for decades, which leads us to the thought â€Å"Are they keeping us safe from danger or are they the danger?† There are many cases of police using excessive force. Unjustified shootings, severe beatings, tasings, and rough treatment have all contributed to the problem of police brutality in America. According to â€Å"MINTpress News†, seven hundred and seventy-six people were killed by the police in 2015. One hundred and sixty-one of the people were unarmed at the time of their death. The leading causes of police brutality are minorities being unfairly targeted, excessive force, police being increasingly militarized, and many departments not providing adequate training in nonviolent solutions. Nowadays, it is not unusual to see police brutality on the news. Everyday we hear about the innocen t people being choked, tear gassed, or out right shot to death by the police. There are many well known incidents circulating the media. In July 2014 the death of Eric Garner was very well publicized. Eric, who was in a â€Å"chokehold† by an officer, sparked outrage. A month later in Missouri, the fatal shooting of teenager Michael Brown by a police officer started protests, and last but certainly not least Rodney King was nearly beaten to death in 1991. What do all these men have in common? All of these men are innocentShow MoreRelatedPolice Brutality And The United States Essay1408 Words   |  6 PagesPolice brutality in the United States has escalated in recent times. To develop a peaceful environment amongst human beings, one of the main topics to look at is human rights. While more often than not, police brutality violates the concept of human rights it is still a very important task to discuss the topic and create possible solutions to such a concerning and threaten ing issues in the United States. In this case, statistics is a very important factor that is required to display how serious ofRead MorePolice Brutality And The United States1479 Words   |  6 Pages Police Brutality in the United States University of Nebraska Kearney Colton Blankenship Abstract This research paper is an overview of police brutality in the United States. The paper covers what police brutality is and the definition. The information about police brutality is expanded about what is reasonable and excessive use of force an officer can use. Information is included about the thoughts of what the citizens feel about police brutality. Among the white andRead MorePolice Brutality And The United States1286 Words   |  6 PagesPolice brutality continues to be one of the most serious and contentious violations of human rights in the United States. The unreasonable amount of force used by police officers prevails because of a lack of accountability. This makes it feasible for officers who do violate human rights to get off clean and recommit the violation. A sad fact is that police and/or public officials deny time after time any claims of human rights violations, claiming it was an abnormality, when they should be takingRead MorePolice Brutality And The United States Essay1484 Words   |  6 PagesAssault Being a minority in the United States has never been easy and does not seem to be getting any better. Minorities have been exposed to violence by law enforcement for many decades. Law enforcement s are tasked with protecting and serving its citizens, not to harass and assault them. Police brutality is a continuous problem in the United States and officers need to be accountable for their actions. This research project will examine how police brutality often leads to death because of someRead MorePolice Brutality Of The United States1415 Words   |  6 PagesPolice Brutality Police abuse is one of the most violated human rights in the United States. Police are portrayed as heroes that stop bank robbers, stop kidnappings and catch murders, but as of recent year’s police actions have come into the public eye. While typically citizens worry about their safety from criminals, it also seems they have to keep an eye out for the people who are supposed to protect them from danger. Thousands of complaints about police brutality is reported each year, and seemsRead MorePolice Brutality And The United States1630 Words   |  7 Pages Police Brutality is an ongoing problem and existent concern in the United States and should be resolved immediately. Law enforcement must function as an element that consists of organized and civilized officers. The presence of police brutality is becoming more of an issue as society grows. The problem posed by the illegal exercise of police power is an ongoing reality for individuals of a disfavored race, class, or sexual orientation. Police brutality must be stopped so that police do not forgetRead MorePolice Brutality Of The United States2239 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction Police brutality against minorities across the United States has become a huge topic of interest. There are multiple events where interactions with minorities have had a horrible outcome. Police brutality is defined as the use of excessive force against a civilian and has caught the attention of many in the past few decades. This paper will argue that law enforcement officers disproportionally target minorities as criminal suspects. Racial profiling takes place due to law enforcementRead MorePolice Brutality And The United States1608 Words   |  7 PagesPolice abuse remains as one of the most deliberate human rights violations in the United States. For over a decade police have acted in ways that makes us question their professionalism. Makes the wonder if law enforcement are taking advantage of their criminal justice â€Å"powers† October 22 is â€Å"National Day of Protest to Stop Police Brutality, Repression and Criminalization of an Entire Generation†. (Aol News). On October 22 many people across the country wear black to fight back against police brutalityRead MorePolice Brutality And The United States Essay1474 Words   |  6 PagesBeing a minority in the United States has never been easy and does not seem to be getting any better. Minorities have been exposed to violence by law enforcement for many decades. Law enforcement s are tasked with protecting and serving its citizens, not to harass and assault them. Police brutality is a continuous problem in the United States and officers need to be accountable for their actions. This research project will examine how police brutality often leads to death because of some officersRead MorePolice Brutality Of The United States Essay2135 Words   |  9 PagesThe United States is facing a continuous wide spread of police brutality from the past to today. TV Networks, newspapers/magazines, bloggers and forums are getting involved into the discussion about police brutality. After a father bought a t oy gun for his son for his birthday, his son went outside to play and a police officer saw him with the gun not knowing it was a toy and shot him several times. This incident occurred in Sonoma County in October 2013. Something close to that happened in November

Externalities Of Water Pollution Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

Hu Siyi, frailty curate of H2O resources, said that serious rivers pollution and the deteriorating aquatic ecology are â€Å" rather outstanding † and may endanger the state ‘s sustainable growing. This essay is speaking about the outwardnesss of H2O pollution in China. The outwardnesss mean the outside effects of activities, negative outwardnesss mean the bad consequence. We will write a custom essay sample on Externalities Of Water Pollution Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The outwardnesss are created when societal costs and benefits differ from private costs and benefits. For illustration, a chemical works may dump waste into a river in order to minimise its costs. Further down the river, a H2O company has to handle the H2O to take unsafe chemicals before providing imbibing H2O to its clients. Its clients have to pay higher monetary values because of the pollution There are 4 chief solutions of authorities intercession of outwardnesss: First intercession is Regulation which means authorities regulations on how much pollution allowed. Second intercession is Widening Property Rights which means authorities gives those who are injured the right to action. Third intercession is Taxation which means authorities Shifts the cost to the consumers. The 4th intercession is permissions which means authorities determines how much of an outwardness should be allowed in society, divides those effects into units, so issues licenses which than be traded and sold between companies. First, the H2O pollution in China is extraordinary serious It is showed by China Daily, which was established in June 1981 and has the widest print circulation of any English-language newspaper in the state ( over 500,000 transcripts per issue, of which a tierce are abroad ) that 40 per centum of Chinese rivers were earnestly polluted and unfit for imbibing after 75 billion tones of sewerage and waste H2O were discharged in 2010. As the consequence the serious H2O pollution have increased the hazard of disease and malignant neoplastic disease. For Industrialization. In a figure of pollutants released by TVIEs ( township-village industrial endeavors ) have been linked to inauspicious wellness effects. In China overall, liver and tummy malignant neoplastic disease deceases have doubled since the 1970s, and are now the taking causes of malignant neoplastic disease mortality in rural China. China now has the highest liver malignant neoplastic disease decease rate in the universe. When TVIEs in more contaminated countries are examined, they show a general addition in malignant neoplastic disease mortality. Harmonizing to the figure of Cancer mortality from H2O pollution. It besides shows that malignant neoplastic disease mortality in contaminated countries has been steadily increasing over clip. Although diet and alcohol ingestion may play a function in the increased malignant neoplastic disease rates, environmental factors are besides relevant. ( Wu, 2006 ) . For agribusiness, in malice of the increased usage of fertiliser, merely 30 % of fertilisers applied to agricultural harvests are used efficaciously Despite the increased usage of fertiliser, merely 30 % of fertilisers applied to agricultural harvests are used efficaciously. As a consequence, nonpoint beginning pollution has been declining dramatically. Surplus usage of fertilisers, and the discharge of human and livestock body waste into the lakes of intensively farmed states are taking to lakes eutrophication ( overloading of H2O organic structures with organic stuffs and foods, which helped algal blooms and consume the O available for aquatic beings ) . The proliferation of algae has affected H2O supply beginnings and forced the impermanent closing of H2O workss, which are turning in fresh water. For illustration, Taihu, which is the 3rd largest fresh water lake in China, has become a major sink of agricultural and rural wastewaters generated in Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces. As a consequence Algal blooms are the factor of a far more serious menace to human wellness, More than 80 % of 480 algae samples taken from surface Waterss collected throughout China produced unwellnesss. and the inordinate usage of fertilisers besides a important issue of a far more serious menace to human wellness. Second, H2O pollution have caused serious H2O deficit and H2O deficit have given many negative outwardnesss to Chinese life and China ‘s economic system About Chinese life: Because of the big population the demand of H2O in China is extraordinary monolithic. With a population of 1.3 billion people, China consumes more than 600 billion three-dimensional metres of H2O every twelvemonth, and about three-fourthss of its functional H2O resources. It is reported by the Ministry of Water Resources that the mean per capita of H2O resources is merely 2,100 three-dimensional metres each twelvemonth, or about 28 per centum of the universe ‘s mean degree. About two-thirds of Chinese metropoliss are water-needy, while about 300 million rural occupants lack entree to safe imbibing H2O, taking to a national H2O deficit of over 50 billion three-dimensional metres on norm every twelvemonth ( Hu, 2012 ) On the other manus. When the demand of H2O is more greater than the supply of H2O in China the monetary value of H2O in China will growing somewhat. In north of China H2O deficit is more serious than other topographic point in China, so the monetary value in North of China is higher than others, as a consequence people who live in North of China should pay more money on H2O, the high monetary value of H2O will add force per unit area to the people and people will hold less money to purchase or devour goods and services, this phenomenon give negative effects to China ‘s economic system. Meanwhile, Uncountable industries in China besides consume much H2O. For illustration, Beijin, which is a 1 of the biggest metropoliss in China, which has several H2O job consumed 3.06 A- 108 m3 H2O in 2008. Consequences from fake scenario illustrated that, due to the utmost H2O scarceness state of affairs, industry in Beijing would still confront a serious H2O shortage job even with a really optimistic scenario for the hereafter It is said by Hu who is the president of China that the H2O deficit will acquire worse in the hereafter, Unless we take decisive and mandatory steps to halt the over-exploitation activities, . So Chinese authorities chief usage Regulation, which means authorities regulations on how much pollution allowed to work out H2O deficit. It is announced by local authoritiess that Adding to the state ‘s H2O safety force per unit area are ambitious development programs In 2012, which experts say will necessarily greatly increase H2O demand for industrial and residential usage. Furthermore the State Council, or China ‘s cabinet, unveiled a guideline on Thursday to modulate the usage of H2O under â€Å" the strictest standards, † cresting the maximal volume of H2O usage at 700 billion three-dimensional metres by the terminal of 2030 and China will work to maintain its entire volume of H2O usage below 670 billion three-dimensional metres in 2020.. Besides, the authorities will dispatch its supervising over development of belowground H2O, farther protect beginnings of imbibing H2O, and reconstruct the aquatic ecological system by presenting water-use licences and other steps. ( Hu, 2012 ) The cardinal authorities has planned 4 trillion kwais ( $ 634.9 billion ) of investing in H2O resources preservation undertakings over the following 10 old ages, of which 1.8 trillion kwais will be invested during the 2011-2015 period. Now China faces a tougher state of affairs in H2O resources in the hereafter as demand increases amid the state ‘s rapid industrialisation and urbanisation, an functionary said Thursday at a imperativeness conference, China besides get in problem because of H2O deficit. The Chinese authorities has already made a committedness to salvaging the state ‘s quickly depleting H2O resources. but how to set up a legislative and regulative mechanism, every bit good as a policy model to steer the dearly-won attempts of H2O pollution control is besides a large challenge for Chinese authorities How to cite Externalities Of Water Pollution Environmental Sciences Essay, Essay examples

Business Communication in Healthcare System

Question: Discuss about the Business Communication in Healthcare System. Answer: Introduction The process of effective communication in a healthcare system is important in providing patient safety and in enhancing patient satisfaction. The readmissions in hospitals could be provided if there is better communication between the medical staffs, healthcare teams and patients. The quality of interaction with the healthcare team and the patient determine the quality of healthcare from the patients perspective. In many instances, transfer of accurate critical communication is important for reducing the risks in patient safety. Importance of Communication in healthcare According to Gordon, Deland and Kelly (2015) the healthcare providers, the care team and caregivers do not communicate properly among them about the patients needs. They also do not spend time to communicate with the patient conveying medical information and course of treatment. Moreover, it is not only the lack of communication among the care providers, the patients also does not remember what they have been told and in a study almost 40% of the patients recalled incorrectly (Kurtz, Silverman and Draper 2016). The proper communication among the healthcare team helps in better understanding of the teams goals and in decrease in duration of stay in the hospital (Riley 2015). Both formal and informal communication systems are important part of the communication needs in a healthcare system. There is also decline in medical errors and improvement of patient safety due to effective communication in the healthcare system. Outcomes of healthcare miscommunication Most of the medical and system errors are due to ineffective communication among the team members that lead to risk in patient safety. The stress, high task situations lead to an increase in the medical errors and pose a threat to patient safety. The medical errors also occur when the information is not properly recorded, misread, misdirected or ignored (Colvin, Eisen and Gong 2016). The workload pressure loopholes in electronic healthcare systems and constant interruptions leads to malpractice cases and it hampers the patient safety. The U.S. healthcare system is getting affected due to poor communications and costs the lives of around 2000 people (Fenton et al. 2015). In New Zealand, the pharmacovigilance centre reported that medical errors, patient harms and wrong dose are due to workload, interruptions and miscommunication (Kunac, Tatley and Seddon 2014). In Singapore, millions of people die due to medical errors costing US$470k for resolving the medical errors issue and 113,551 issues regarding patient safety (Reader, Gillespie and Roberts 2014). The misinformation about the patients condition, patients complaints and verified informed consent are affecting patients safety due to communication lapses. Due to these outcomes, the patients safety is at stake and the healthcare system is being affected due to miscommunication. Effective communication strategies are required to have better healthcare outcomes and in improving patient safety. Collaborative approach to healthcare Collaborative approach to health care where the healthcare professionals work in cooperation in solving problems and in decision making can improve the miscommunication and have better health outcomes (Giardina et al. 2014). The collaborative teams characterized by trust and mutual respect would provide better healthcare services and patient outcomes. Team collaboration and accurate communication among the team is very essential for effective clinical practice and in providing best quality of care (Renedo et al. 2015). Effective decision making and problem saving is only possible when the healthcare professionals works in collaboration in ensuring patient care. Standardized communication tools would help the healthcare professionals to communicate efficiently and in expressing their concerns. There is a requirement to transfer and communicate complex information that would help the medical professional to make necessary decisions and take action. Proper planning and training of the t eams is required for effective communication and in providing quality patient care. Approaches to facilitate effective communication A structured communication approach is important for improving patient safety and in the delivery of healthcare. The I-PASS method is an excellent approach to curb miscommunication and ensure effective information among the healthcare providers during handoffs (Starmer et al. 2014). This strategy is very effective and there is a decrease in 30% of medical errors and improvement of patient safety. I-PASS consists of illness severity, patient summary, action list, situation awareness and synthesis by receiver. It is a mnemonic that has standardized the process of handoff that is not only beneficial in pediatrics abut also in other inpatient settings. This well designed strategy has helped in efficient handoffs of the patients as it is one of the leading sources of miscommunication among the healthcare professionals (Sheth et al. 2016). It is beneficial in reducing medical errors that are caused due to miscommunication among the medical professionals. Firstly, the severity of the illnes s is measured based on stability of the patient. Secondly, the patients medical history, cause of admission, hospital course, ongoing assessment and planning is taken into consideration. Thirdly, proper action including to-do list, timeline are taken in accordance with the illness. Fourthly, situation awareness and contingency planning is also taken into consideration. Finally, the receiver summarizes, ask questions and restates the key actions received during the handoff procedure. I-PASS is a novel mnemonic that was developed to provide best handoff practices and structured communication during this procedure would promote patient safety. Apart from this procedure, communication training is required among the healthcare professionals and clinicians that would help to achieve better health outcomes. The communication skills are enhanced via safety drills and role playing in the educational training can improve communication in hospitals (Silverman, Kurtz and Draper 2016). There should also be direct evaluation and monitoring of the procedures by the departments would help to identify the gaps in the team and correct them. Moreover, proper documentation of the patients details and reporting of the patients condition is also important to have better patient outcomes (McMillan et al. 2013). The practicing of oral communication skills are also helpful in avoiding big errors that would hamper the patient and the hospital setting as a whole. The collaborative care sh ould be aimed at meeting the needs of the patients and in delivering high quality of care. Safe and coordinated care is only possible when there is clear communication between the team members. An integrated electronic health record system would also be helpful for facilitating effective information among the team members (Gagnon et al. 2014). Conclusion Effective communication among the healthcare professionals is very essential in a healthcare system to avoid medical errors and in ensuring patient safety. The transfer of clear information from the care providers to patients is important in the achievement of goals and in providing better health outcomes. To achieve this, the healthcare system has adopted I-PASS mnemonic tool to have better handoffs practice and is effective in better communication. Moreover, effective electronic health records and better exchanges of health information would also ensure better communication and patient safety. Collaborative approach is also important as clear communication among the team members would reduce the medical errors and malpractice risk and in delivering better quality of health care. References Colvin, M.O., Eisen, L.A. and Gong, M.N., 2016, February. Improving the Patient Handoff Process in the Intensive Care Unit: Keys to Reducing Errors and Improving Outcomes. InSeminars in respiratory and critical care medicine(Vol. 37, No. 01, pp. 096-106). Thieme Medical Publishers. Fenton, J.J., Franks, P., Feldman, M.D., Jerant, A., Henry, S.G., Paterniti, D.A. and Kravitz, R.L., 2015. Impact of patient requests on provider-perceived visit difficulty in primary care.Journal of general internal medicine,30(2), pp.214-220. Gagnon, M.P., Ghandour, E.K., Talla, P.K., Simonyan, D., Godin, G., Labrecque, M., Ouimet, M. and Rousseau, M., 2014. Electronic health record acceptance by physicians: testing an integrated theoretical model.Journal of biomedical informatics,48, pp.17-27. Giardina, T.D., Menon, S., Parrish, D.E., Sittig, D.F. and Singh, H., 2014. Patient access to medical records and healthcare outcomes: a systematic review.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association,21(4), pp.737-741. Gordon, J., Deland, E. and Kelly, R., 2015. Lets Talk About Improving Communication in Healthcare. Columbia Medical Review, 1(1), pp.23-27. Kunac, D.L., Tatley, M.V. and Seddon, M.E., 2014. A new web-based Medication Error Reporting Programme (MERP) to supplement pharmacovigilance in New Zealand-findings from a pilot study in primary care. The New Zealand Medical Journal (Online), 127(1401), p.69. Kurtz, S., Silverman, J. and Draper, J., 2016.Teaching and learning communication skills in medicine. CRC press. McMillan, S.S., Kendall, E., Sav, A., King, M.A., Whitty, J.A., Kelly, F. and Wheeler, A.J., 2013. Patient-centered approaches to health care: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.Medical Care Research and Review,70(6), pp.567-596. Reader, T.W., Gillespie, A. and Roberts, J., 2014. Patient complaints in healthcare systems: a systematic review and coding taxonomy.BMJ quality safety,23(8), pp.678-689. Renedo, A., Marston, C.A., Spyridonidis, D. and Barlow, J., 2015. Patient and Public Involvement in Healthcare Quality Improvement: How organizations can help patients and professionals to collaborate.Public Management Review,17(1), pp.17-34. Riley, J.B., 2015.Communication in nursing. Elsevier Health Sciences. Sheth, S., McCarthy, E., Kipps, A.K., Wood, M., Roth, S.J., Sharek, P.J. and Shin, A.Y., 2016. Changes in Efficiency and Safety Culture After Integration of an I-PASSSupported Handoff Process.Pediatrics,137(2), p.e20150166. Silverman, J., Kurtz, S. and Draper, J., 2016.Skills for communicating with patients. CRC Press. Starmer, A.J., OToole, J.K., Rosenbluth, G., Calaman, S., Balmer, D., West, D.C., Bale Jr, J.F., Clifton, E.Y., Noble, E.L., Lisa, L.T. and Srivastava, R., 2014. Development, implementation, and dissemination of the I-PASS handoff curriculum: a multisite educational intervention to improve patient handoffs.Academic Medicine,89(6), pp.876-884.

Motivation as a Manager Essay Sample free essay sample

Introduction In this ever-changing working environment. motive is basically of import to accomplish the aims of administrations. which are chiefly effectiveness and efficiency. So. what precisely is motive? Motivation refers to the psychological forces that determine a person’s behavior. and can be divided into two facets – intrinsic and extrinsic. Intrinsic motive refers to motive that is derived from one’s ain interest. while extrinsic motive is derived from behavior that is affected by external forces. such as stuff wagess or to avoid penalty ( Fang A ; Kant. 2011 ) . Motivation has been defined by many as: the psychological procedure that gives behaviour intent and way ( Kreitner. 1995 ) ; a sensitivity to act in a purposive mode to accomplish specific. unmet demands ( Buford. Bedeian A ; Lindner. 1995 ) . The simplest. possibly. would be that motive gets employees to work hard for the benefit of the administration. ( Sager. 1979 ) There has been extended research on the subject of motive. which has spawned several theories by legion writers. We will write a custom essay sample on Motivation as a Manager Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Harmonizing to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. employees have five degrees of demands which are: physiological. safety. societal. self-importance. and self- realization ( Maslow. 1943 ) . Knowing the demands that employees require. administrations can seek to carry through them in order to better their employees’ public presentation. However. while the demands of the employees are fulfilled by the administration as a whole. it is noted that the motive of employees are dependent on their direct directors every bit good. In a survey. employees place equal importance on the extent of how their administration and direct director fulfil their demands. ( Nohria ; Groysberg and Lee. 2008 ) Therefore. to guarantee organizational efficiency. directors play an of import function in understanding what motivates employees within the context of the functions they perform. ( Lindner. 1998 ) To understand more about direction in the existent universe. an interview was conducted with 3 different directors. With the purpose in head. Manager as a Motivator. we managed to obtain several points worthy of note. These points will be discussed at length in our analysis subdivision on how it corresponds with theories. every bit good as the grounds why if it does non. We will so be looking at the penetrations that we have discovered through these interview. followed by the decision. Background of Interviewee # 1 Adrian Chye is the General Manager of Mediafreaks Pte Ltd and Chief Operating Officer of Mediafreaks Cartoon Pte Ltd and Character Farm Pte Ltd. which is an award-winning new media and 3D life studio whose clients include large companies such as Energizer and Kraft. He has been closely involved in the development and planning of company schemes traveling frontward. ( Media-Freaks. com. 2010 ) Type of Motivational Methods Used Adrian Chye defines his direction manner as results-oriented. and will honor or penalize based on virtues and errors. He believes that the chief challenges and troubles a director face is acquiring employees to work smarter and harder. To accomplish this. he uses motive as a type of managerial accomplishments. along with others such as chiseled ends. and clear account of functions and duties for everyone His motivational methods include pecuniary inducements in the signifier of public presentation fillip. team-building activities to increase coherence and communicating between employees and directors. every bit good as working closely with employees so that he is able to supply self-generated feedbacks and be closely involved with the their preparation. To accommodate to the new concern clime brought approximately by globalization and technological invention. he believes that goal-setting contributes to effectiveness and efficiency in the company. and that it is best to affect employees in the decision-making procedure. as he feels that this can assist to actuate employees. and on-the-ground feedback means that he as a director can put ambitious ends for his employees. Having worked in abroad. he has seen cultural differences in footings of the methods used to pull off employees in different states. and believe that it is an of import point to see in footings of the attack used to actuate employees. Particularly with respects to the hiring of foreign endowments in Singapore. he believes that particular attention demands to be taken to guarantee that any clangs in civilization do non estrange these employees. Last. Chye notes that his company have non used any profiling trial to choose possible employees. and merely feels that there is no demand for it as a simple face-to-face interview would do. Background of Interviewee # 2 Mr Tan Chew Kwang is a Process Engineering Manager working for Beyonics Technology. Beyonics Technology has several workss around Asia. Beyonics Technology Limited is a taking supplier of advanced contract fabrication services to original equipment makers. Beyonics Technology Limited purposes to turn strategic fabricating partnerships with its portfolio of world-class. leading-edge clients. This will be achieved through its supply concatenation leading. vertically incorporate operations. strong client focal point every bit good as the synergisms of its dedicated and motivated direction squad. ( Beyonics. com. 2012 ) Type of Motivational Methods Used The key to Tan’s direction manner is two manner communicating as he mention that he would wish employee’s feedback and work together with them if they need help to work out issues. He besides mentioned that actuating employees is portion and package of a director occupation and the method used by him in actuating employee is that a director must foremost understand the single demand of an employee before make up ones minding a suited method to actuate them. In this manner. best consequences can be obtained. His two manner communicating method is one manner in which he can understand his employee by obtaining feedback. Due to occupation demands. Tan normally travel to China. Due to the cultural difference. he noticed that the people at that place need to be â€Å"pushed† in order to acquire the occupation done. This leads to the demand for him to utilize different pull offing methods as compared to what he used when working in Malaysia. There is a demand for the alteration in motive method to guarantee maximal efficiency and effectivity when pull offing the two different states. Another job faced by him is that the chief communicating media is in China is Mandarin. which leads to a small trouble in pass oning with them. Excess attempt is required to guarantee that the right message is pass down. Tan says that it is of import to put ends in an organisation as this will mensurate an employee part to the organisation. Rewarding will be based on their part as it serves as a measuring of their public presentation. Tan mentioned that his organisation make usage of profiling trial to choose possible employees. He says that it is an effectual manner to happen out the right employee for the right occupation. To him. profiling trial is a fast and effectual manner to acquire an employee to make full up a place that requires certain particular accomplishment. In decision. Tan feels that as a middle-line director. he is being sandwiched between the top direction and the staff coverage to him. There is a demand for him to take attention of both degrees. Given a opportunity to better. he would wish to better the manner his organisation work. Presently. his organisation is utilizing the carrot and cane method to honor the employee and he feels that this should be changed as it creates an unhealthy working environment. Background of Interviewee # 3 Mr Ong Wei Siang is an Authorized Military officer and besides a line director of the Union Bank of Switzerland ( UBS Singapore ) . which offers wealth direction. investing banking and plus direction services. Having being exposed to Investment Banking every bit good as Histories Management for old ages. he has brought the administration and his squad to a greater tallness as a director. UBS is a planetary house supplying fiscal services to private. corporate and institutional clients. They are present in all major fiscal Centres in more than 50 states. UBS was voted ‘Best Private Bank’ in Asia based on Asiamoney Private Banking Poll 2012. UBS was besides graded figure one in both Taiwan and China across all three plus classs ranked harmonizing to respondents’ assets under direction. and figure one in Hong Kong and Singapore in two of import client sections. ( Asiamoney Polls. 2012 ) Type of Motivational Methods Used Mr Ong defines his direction manner as holding a Democratic Style of Working whereby he accepts and actively welcomes the feedbacks of his employees. The demands and concerns are being taken into consideration with respects to certain work issues or occupation challenges. He is besides unfastened to different thoughts and suggestions on certain work procedures such that the efficiency of employees will be maximized. He mentioned that communications between higher direction and employees are important in decision-making procedures. Before any determination is being made. he will see the effects and reverberations that may happen at the disbursal of the public assistance of others. Ong mentioned that directors have to get strong human accomplishments to cover with the challenges at work every bit good as inter-personal relationships within the administration. Having good homo accomplishment will enable him to prosecute in certain human interactions with both his employees every bit good as the markets. This includes acquiring employees to be involved in end-of-year end scenes such that there will be a certain sense of belonging among the employees. Besides democratic manner of working. Ong besides uses motive as a signifier of managerial accomplishment to guarantee effectivity and efficiency of work procedures. His motivational methods include pecuniary every bit good as public assistance benefits which are surely necessary for employees to endeavor difficult and set in their best attempt for the company. For illustration. there is ‘Eat-with-your family-day’ . which entitles employees a half-day leave. to advance the significance of household adhering to employees. It will actuate the employees as a whole regardless of the hierarchy. This serves as a wages to mean employees’ attempts and parts. Furthermore. holding been exposed to different working environment in other states such as Hong Kong. Ong realises that there are differences in working and organisational civilizations. Ong mentioned that there is a demand to work out a common consensus on work procedures between the two locations. This will guarantee better work procedures. which enables employees to hold a standardized work flow. This will move as a motive with minimized incompatibility and disagreements. Therefore. employees can entirely concentrate on their occupation Scopess even with the presence of cultural differences. Analysis In the visible radiation of the three interviews that were made with the directors of different organisations. there are surely differences and similarities in their direction manners among them. There are bound to hold difference in working procedures since different organisations possess different civilizations or even aims. However. it is merely logical to presume that most of the organisations would wish to accomplish both efficiency and effectivity as their ultimate purpose. To get down with. all three directors use motive as one of their managerial accomplishments in the administrations. The methods of motive that were mentioned in the interview includes: pecuniary inducements ; squad edifice activities ; communications and engagement in end scenes. 1. Monetary inducements Extrinsic wagess such as money inducements by the higher direction will be given to employees as a signifier of wages for their public presentation. Such wagess act as motive to reenforce employees’ positive attitudes towards work. Most of such extrinsic wagess include fillips. clip off. publicities. wagess and many more. Fiscal wagess are an extrinsic motivation factor. and non-financial inducements represent the intrinsic 1. ( Singh. 2012 ) . Incentives act as a signifier of stimulation for greater action or in acknowledgment of accomplishments. to spur employees to work towards a end. In world. it has been recognized that money does non merely fulfill psychological demands but besides societal demands. Hence. money inducement does increase the efficiency and productiveness of the employees. guaranting a higher degree of end product and capablenesss. 2. Team-building activities As mentioned by Chye. team-building activities were seen to be an of import factor in bettering motive. Team-building activities such as coherence dinners and excursions serve to better the relationship of the employees amongst themselves every bit good as with the directors. When the employees are close with one another. it helps to carry through one of their demands – the demand for adhering. Carry throughing this demand is an of import facet of actuating employees. ( Nohria. Groysberg A ; Lee. 2008 ) When employees are nearer to their director. they will be more likely to give honest feedback sing state of affairss and events in the workplace. which will let directors to hold a more accurate appraisal of any jobs in the administration. so as to better organizational effectivity and efficiency by doing appropriate and intelligent determinations. However. it must be noted that directors should endeavor to do employees organize fond regard to the administration as a whole instead than the divisional group that the employee belongs to. This allows for more flexibleness in organizing undertaking groups and be aftering for employee’s occupation range. as employees may be attached to their closest cohort and found it difficult to suit any new alteration in work environment otherwise. ( Nohria. Groysberg A ; Lee. 2008 ) 3. Communication Communication plays an of import function to guarantee smooth work procedures. maximizing the capablenesss of employees. Particularly for a company with a combination of on-site and practical employees. regular. required communicating between direction and staff—and among peers—is indispensable. ( Zumas. 2012 ) . The different signifiers of communicating all have a common nonsubjective – eliminates barrier and decide jobs. Due to globalization. physical barriers in workplaces are now ineluctable. To extinguish the jobs caused. administrations are to guarantee that there are sufficient and effectual communications nowadays for the employees so as non to impede certain work procedures. For effectual communications to be possible. directors are to guarantee that the communicational tools are up-to-date such that such physical barriers will non impede employees’ work procedures. Therefore. the decrease of such possible communicating jobs originating from physi cal barriers will in turn motivate employees such that they recognize that there are solutions in topographic point for them in times of demand. Another signifier of communicating exists between higher direction such as directors or pull offing managers with the employees. Communications may come in the signifier of feedbacks or even sporadically discussion meetings. The presence of communicating will increase the morale of employees. in which they will experience involved and valued as an employee of the administration. By seting frontward feedbacks. suggestions or thoughts with respects to work procedures. employees will surely experience more engaged in the administration. Furthermore. merely through such active communications will so maximise the potency of administrations to make a greater tallness. Surely. it is apprehensible that merely motivated employees will be willing to prosecute in decision-making procedures. Therefore. by seeking participatory direction where employees’ sentiments and feedbacks are taken into consideration. will surely set up a healthy working environment for both the higher direction every bit good as employees. In the interview with Ong. he besides mentioned communicating is important in decision-making procedures. 4. Goal Puting All 3 directors that we have interviewed mentioned that their administration practises goal-setting on a regular footing. which they feel that is effectual in bettering public presentation. In add-on. end puting besides serves as a manner in which managers’ spells out what they expect from their employee. In the instance of Tan. he believes that a benefit of end scene is that it helps to mensurate an employee’s part to the administration. and he combines this with pecuniary inducement that are given based on their public presentation degree to guarantee optimum efficiency of his employees. Harmonizing to Latham and Locke ( 2006 ) . goal-setting is a discrepancy-creating procedure in which a end creates a constructive dissatisfaction with our current public presentation. which makes us strive harder to work to carry through the sensed difference between current and expected public presentation. In this logic. there exists a additive relationship between the trouble of the end and the resulting occupation public presentation. A hard but come-at-able end leads to a higher occupation public presentation than an easy and general end. ( Latham and Mitchell. 1978 ) Harmonizing to many motivational theories such McClelland’s Need for Achievement and self-actualisation. which is the highest degree of demand in Maslow’s Hierarchy of demand. ambitious ends are important for the development of an person every bit good as his occupation satisfaction and committedness to the administration. ( Fang A ; Kant. 2011 ) In the interview. Chye mentioned that he likes to affect his employees in the goal-setting procedure. as making so allows him to put ambitious but realistic ends as his employees are able to give direct feedback on the trouble and their competence. In theory. doing a determination in a group helps to better effectivity of the administration in footings of scheme and job resolution. This is because group-decision devising helps to cut down opportunities of prejudices. Besides. it promotes diverseness as different sentiments derived from assorted experience and accomplishments are valued. ( Fant A ; Kant. 2011 ) 5. Cross-cultural Managerial Style From the interview. an of import factor we observed that all three directors had mentioned was that there is a noticeable difference in footings of work environment and employees’ behavior between states. As Tan mentioned. he recognize that employees in China must be supervised and driven in order to execute their occupation. and that they require different methods of motive as compared to other states. Similarly. he notes that linguistic communication remains an issue in China even in today’s globalised universe. where the use of English is considered as the norm. In theory. the importance of cultural differences has been noted and as such has been studied extensively. An illustration of such a research would be the Global Leadership and Organisational Behaviour Effectiveness research programme. an international group of research workers analyzing cross-cultural leading in more 60 states. Analyzing cultural differences have many benefits. such as to offer directors singular penetrations into the concern clime of other states. which makes it easier to collaborate with companies from states with differing civilizations. ( Browaeys A ; Price. 2008 ) Discussion From our analysis from the interviews of three different directors. we have noticed similarities and differences with respects to the organizational policies. direction manners and accomplishments. For illustration. Chye’s administration does non rehearse profiling trial while Tan’s administration actively uses this tool to place possible employees that have the accomplishments that the place requires. Such differences may be due to different constructions of the administrations. Chye’s administration. Mediafreaks Pte Ltd. is a little house which employs functional construction to bring forth its life services ( Media-Freaks. com. 2010 ) . Meanwhile. Tan’s administration. Beyonics Technology. have many production sites world-wide that provide advanced contract fabrication services to assorted states. and as such employs a divisional construction. With the big sum of employees needed in such a big administration. it is natural that Tan sees the demand for profiling as a mean to choose employees ( Beyonics. com. 2012 ) . Even though there are differences in policies and methods employed in the two administrations in inquiry. they should non be compared as both have different ends and are in different provinces of enlargement. Another interesting point that we wish to foreground from the consequences of the interview was that the on the job manner of directors varies from administration to administration. Chye’s direction manner is results-oriented. while Tan and Ong’s direction manner leans more towards communicating with employees. Therefore. sing the ends of the company. directors must use suited direction manner to better the work public presentations of their employees. To guarantee that employees put in their best attempt during work. there is a demand to see different attacks to actuate them. In world. there are certain ineluctable challenges and troubles that directors will confront in pull offing. Thus. human accomplishments do play an of import function in guaranting that the directors remain flexible in their direction manner. In order for directors to play the function as a incentive successfully. there is a demand for directors to place the personal qualities that employees possess. To guarantee that this is possible. directors will transport out the profiling trials among employees. An advantage of the profiling trial is to distinguish the different personalities of the employees in order to better apportion the occupation Scopess. This profiling trial will guarantee that the personalities are suited to their allotment of undertakings. As such. there will be minimum clangs and dissensions with respects to occupation procedures. For case. certain employees may possess better organisational accomplishments or even proficient accomplishments. In such instances. employees are able to work harmoniously and it acts as a signifier of motive for other employees of similar occupation Scopess. Such occupation planing attacks does non merely convey about higher productiveness in work. but besides provides employees with the motive to endeavor for better public presentations. As such. this will guarantee higher degree of productiveness and leads to effectiveness and efficiency. We have come to a consensus that motive is so necessary for directors to follow as one of their managerial accomplishments. It is extremely indispensable particularly in today’s on the job universe where alterations are inevitable. Hence. to retain employees. directors are therefore required to add values in footings of their managerial accomplishments such that employees will be willing to exhibit organizational citizenship behavior and accomplish extremum public presentations for the administration. As mentioned. motivated employees play a important function in making a company’s sustainable competitory advantage. To win. companies have to happen ways of fosterage and prolonging intrinsic motive. ( Frey A ; Osterloh. 2001 ) . To guarantee that employees possess motive and the right attitude towards work. directors therefore implement different attacks. harmonizing to single constructions. From the consequence of the interviews. it can be observed that directors differ in the manner they carry out their motive. Most administrations will follow the pecuniary inducement attack and improved communications. Even though there might be different attacks to actuate the employees. the chief aim of the attacks is to reenforce employees’ behaviors and supply acknowledgment for their good public presentations. Due to the different degrees of direction. there are bound to be differences in the attack of pull offing accomplishments. For case. the power of control may differ between front line directors and in-between directors or even top direction. Therefore. the differences will take to restraints in which the directors can change their attacks to convey about better motive. In add-on. the 3 interviewees are besides of different organizational civilizations in footings of their sizes of the companies and the strength of work force. Hence. all these differences may take to a difference in the effectivity of their attacks to convey about motive. For case. as mentioned by Chye. the General Manager of Mediafreaks Pte Ltd has merely 20 employees under his section. which is comparatively small compared to Ong’s section in UBS. As a consequence. there may be certain troubles in implementing attacks to spur motive due to limited resources. Furthermore. pecuniary inducements may non be needfully executable to smaller administrations. In add-on. the differences in organizational civilizations are inevitable in today’s working universe. The aims of each administration may change. and therefore. may ensue in motivational attacks to be deemed uneffective. As mentioned by Ong. there are differences in working civilizations particularly in cross-location administrations where certain attacks in administration may non work for the other. Therefore. there must be a demand to research the assortments of methods in footings of managerial manners. Recommendation Interviewee # 1 Something that Chye mentioned was that he practises merely a few motivational methods. such as pecuniary inducement and forming team-building activities. While these methods are no uncertainty happening success. we feel that it is best to hold more methods. as these two methods merely serve to carry through 2 out of the 5 demands in Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. We suggest that his administration can implement medical and old-age insurance so that his employees can experience a sense of security. every bit good as organizing undertakings groups to research on market tendencies and work out jobs so that his employees would be challenged on an rational degree. Interviewee # 2 One issue mentioned by Tan was that he frequently feels that he is in a hard place between the top direction and the employee under this attention. We feel that this is mostly due to the deficiency of proper communicating between the different degrees in the organisation. Most employees are afraid of what their foreman might believe or state or if they told them half of what they’re thought ( Wofford. 2012 ) . As such. there is a demand for Tan to better in the communicating within the organisation. We suggest that Tan can seek to organize occasional dinner assemblages. so that the top direction and employees have a opportunity to interact by speaking over repasts. therefore increasing the bonding between persons and giving employees a opportunity to supply feedback to the top direction. Interviewee # 3 One of the challenges faced by Ong is to place the differences in organisational civilizations with respects to cross-location work processes. This is ineluctable particularly in today’s every-changing universe where globalisation revolutionizes working procedures. Even though improved communicating does better ease work procedures. there will still be miscommunications and dissensions. In such instances. possibly the presence of Standard Operating Procedures ( SOP ) will supply a guideline for employees to adhere to. Such SOPs will help employees to break ease their work procedures. Hence. this will guarantee that the productiveness of employees will be maximised. therefore accomplishing efficiency and effectivity. Decision The consequences of the interview have shown that by and large. the 3 directors whom we have interviewed has made used of the different motive theories in pull offing their organisation. However. due to the different demands of the organisation. the direction methods do differ somewhat as the method they used is deemed as a more efficient method in their organisation. The interview with the directors has besides proved that the assorted motive theories work to a certain extent. Furthermore. the differences in organizational constructions surely make a difference in the type of motivational attack which will give rise to different degree of effectivity. In decision. for a director to be successful. he or she should do usage of the assorted motive theories and make little amendments to the theory to guarantee that the direction method suits the organisation as eventually. the chief purpose of a director is still to accomplish organisation ends. Directors will so hold to entree the effectivity and feasiblenesss of the attacks as applied to their administration to guarantee maximal degree of productiveness and therefore. holding a comparative advantage over their rival administration. MentionsBrowaeys. M. . A ; Price. R. ( 2008 ) . Understanding Cross-cultural Management.Pearson Sager. D. J. ( 1979 ) . Leadership and Employee Motivation. Graduate School of Library Science. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Buford. J. A. . Jr. . Bedeian. A. G. . A ; Lindner. J. R. ( 1995 ) . Management in Extension ( 3rd ed. ) . Columbus. Ohio: Ohio State University Extension. Fang. Y. . A ; Kant. K. ( 2011 ) . Fundamentalss of Management: Concept and Principles. Singapore: McGraw Hill Frey. B. S. . A ; Osterloh. M. ( 2001 ) . Successful Management by Motivation – Balancing Intrinsic and Extrinsic Incentives. Swiss Association for Organization and Management Herzberg. F. ( 1968 ) . One More Time: How Do You Motivate Employees? Harvard Business Review. Volume. Volume 46 No. 1. January-February. pp 53–62. Latham. G. P. . A ; Locke. E. A. ( 2006 ) . Enhancing the Benefits and Get the better ofing the Pitfalls of Goal Setting. Organizational Dynamics. Volume 35. No. 4. pp. 332–340. Latham. G. P. . A ; Mitchell. T. R. ( 1978 ) . Importance of Participative Goal Setting and Anticipated Rewards on Goal Difficulty and Job Performance. Journal of Applied Psychology ; Apr78. Vol. 63 Issue 2. p163-171 Lindner. J. R. ( 1998 ) . Understanding Employee Motivation. Journal of Extension ; June 98. Vol. 36. No. 3 Maslow. A. H. ( 1943 ) . A Theory of Human Motivation. Psychological Review. July 1943. 370-396. Nohria. N. . Groysberg. B. . A ; Lee. E. ( 2008 ) . Employee Motivation: A Powerful New Model. Harvard Business Review. Volume 86. No. 7-8. July-August pp 78-84 Rajita. S ( 2012 ) . What Motivates Your Employees? Is Pay the Sole Motivating Factor or make Non-Cash Incentives Drive Engagement? Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //articles. economictimes. indiatimes. com/2012-08-28/news/33450452_1_rewards-employee-effective-motivators Wofford. M. ( 2012 ) . 5 frights Employees Wish They Could Tell Their Bosses. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //linked2leadership. com/2012/02/28/5-fears-employees-wish/ Zumas. G. ( 2012 ) . Motivate Employees Through Better Communication. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. businessmanagementdaily. com/31404/motivate-employees-through-better-communication

Fernandos character from a biophysical perspective

Fernandos character from a biophysical perspective Introduction The predicaments that defines the behaviors and characters of a sixteen year old Fernando is an aftermath of a legacy left behind by a father vague of human values. Fernando finds himself in an oasis of a community bred in a background of social evils intoxicating his mind from early childhood.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Fernando’s character from a biophysical perspective specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In his quest to break out from the ‘tradition’ that is so akin to his family make- up, his mindset and choices lead him to subconsciously live the same life his people lived from generations back. This is characterized by drugs and affiliation with gangs and a negative exposure to the authorities at a very tender age. Fernando hails from a family that is quickly disintegrating into the abyss that is the societal rote in their community of drug abusers. Their lives are unpredictab le since they are always at loggerheads with the local administration (like the police), as a result spending so much of their time serving jail terms rotting in jails. Others get embroiled in fights that are far too common in their community set-up; they are affiliated to gangs which normally sort out their differences brutally by killing the members of the factions working against them. These children hail from much disoriented backgrounds, Fernando’s father was a drug addict who had little time to guide and care for his children, he battered his wife even when he was drunk and was rather callous with his affairs. His mother, on the other hand, had to run away due to the battering and though they met on the streets, they hardly shared a lot. The result of all this is a child of Fernando’s behavior, whose attitude and perceptions about life was suicidal and the victim was himself. These children end up copying what they deem fit or ‘cool’ in the society, because they do not have a strong figure to guide them. Goldstein (1995) believes that such characters have very weak social foundations and their reaction towards people is rather cold. They have a tendency to always look for trouble and they feel good about it. They hardly think about the future, they live under the notion that today they are alive but tomorrow they will either be dead or in jail. Of all this, none of them is a big deal.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thought Fernando’s life, several factors have contributed to the persona he was when he was last interviewed. The social factors, cultural factors, the category they’re placed on in society by society itself and community factors play a major role. Fernando’s characters all the way from infantile have been borrowing traits from the people around him and as a result have grown solidly in to the extreme it is. His recognition of the self has diminished to the extent that he does not value his life anymore, though he has no weaknesses, his abilities are rarely used in other helpful activities like playing or learning. Berzoff and Hertz (2008) explains that Self recognition portrays to them an idea of what people see and when they look at them, in this case this stems from infancy whereby child neglect contributes to a high percentage the feeling of worthlessness. They eventually conclude that they are bad and do so little to change this perception. Self reflection is evident in all the age groups with the three to five year old’, center of attention being much of physical aspects like the picture he portrays on the outside, his belongings and his abilities. When this child grows towards attaining puberty, his sense of the self develops too, enabling him to communicate his thoughts more carefully through the word of mouth and easily from what he understands. The y combine their own feelings and individuality by means of re-combining their past experiences to the present and other new occurrences’ as they happen in their lives. This maybe in the form of new ethical values learnt their sexual direction, their political belief systems and their cultural identity. Family dynamics on the impact of behavior Fernando had an insecure relationship with the parents. The mother left him at a tender age and never bothered checking on them again. They only met in the streets and hardly shared anything. His father, being the alcoholic had no time for his children and family, and he never enforced the ideals he preached to his children like not taking alcohol. The children themselves acknowledge that had they been given direction in life, they would be different from what they had ended up like. The absentee parents, as a result of this ended up having children that could not even trust them, leave alone non family members. They are not emotive whe n separated from the parents and neither do they fancy interaction with their parents.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Fernando’s character from a biophysical perspective specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They are cold towards them and this is how they are brought up from their tender ages. In the evolution of their mindsets, from the core consciousness to the secondary consciousness, the parents played a very minor role in bringing up their children. The children learnt for themselves the many aspects that they had to grapple with in their infancy. The environment the children are exposed to or grow within greatly affects the structure of the brain, defining the character of the individual that comes out eventually. Middle childhood put much focus on the components that make up the mind i.e. id, ego and superego. According to Erickson, Fernando is at a level of self identity as he struggles to break from the caucus of emotional dependency. He battles with identity diffusion trying to make his own decisions which he feels are genuine. The environment either stifles or promotes the structure and functionalities in an infant’s brain. The early relationship a child has with its parents goes a long to affect the level, depth and quality of his other relationships when he grows. This reasoning by Berzoff and Hertz (2008) is attributed to the fact that his connection to the parents has a direct influence on the maturity of his right brain and a set of connections that match data to the environment. The mothers touch to the baby at the tender age also shapes the child’s dendrite growth. Lack of these or exposure to long distressing states alters the organization exposing this child to susceptibility. The result is a child with a detached mental state who doesn’t feel guilty when on the wrong; a child who feels everything must go his way and is very irrational. This incident happened on Fernando’s life when he was very young, never exposed or had very little exposure to a mother’s love, he was given very little attention and as a result he ended up being rude even to his tutors. This strengthened his resolve about the street; nobody would tell him if anything was going awry on his part. Freudian theory sheds light to the woes bedeviling Fernando by trying to comprehend the developmental stages through his (Fernando) journey of life. From early childhood to the mid adolescent age Fernando’s life has been patchy embedded in an environment with uncouth behavior that portrays a community less sensitive to values.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Freud integrates the structure of the brain (Id, Ego, and Superego) and the surrounding environment through developmental stages to insight the persona in Fernando. There is a clear relationship between the behavior and the environment. Freud purports that a person’s character is a product of classical Freudian theory, object relations, ego psychology, self psychology and learning theory. Fernando’s behaviors are an aftermath of self psychology which stems from disintegrated family devoid of cohesiveness. He is exhibiting phallic stage according to Mehler portraying psychological self separation-individualization fearing loss of the object. Fernando, like any other child born from this environment is susceptible to behaving the way he does since the environment treats him cruelly prompting him to form defensive as well as survival tactics. Efforts to rehabilitate him are bound to be futile since the characters are embedded deep in his genes. The death of his grandmothe r dealt him a big blow too. She was among the people he was closest to and her passing away meant he had been snatched a companion, a friend. To the infants, passing away of somebody close to them has a big effect to their development; they take long to understand though they eventually do. They try to seek their own explanation of events on why things happened the way they did. They try to link their death to something big that happened around the time the funeral occurred. To the young infants mind that is what caused the ‘big sleep’, as they often call it. In Fernando’s case this is evident through the mourning process where he blames himself for hitting his grandmother. This happened sometime before she died when she was trying to defend her grandmother against his uncle and hit her accidentally. He believes he is the cause of her death and pleads vehemently for forgiveness from her. Fernando’s case highlights the plight of such children; they â€Å"a lways have one person they are really passionate about and when he or she passes on they have a tendency to blame themselves for all that happened to the deceased†(Lee, 2001). The effects of social, culture, class, ethnic and community factors Fernando has issues with his self esteem and his ego. He quickly dismisses education claiming he was a quick learner and school became boring to him. He compares his being in school to being out there in the complexity of the drug network ring making money. He admits that that is time he would be wasting and that time would be better spent making money out here. He could earn money, about $ 700 per week legitimately distributing bread around town but has resorted to selling drugs. The ego defenses at play in Fernando’s life whenever he is encountered show a person who is weak and is hiding from the reality. He lives in utter denial of his real state and is motivated by the gang to do whatever he does. They give him a sense of â₠¬Å"brotherliness making him feel at home even though he knows life being a member in the gang is as temporary as the gang itself. They fight against each other, injuring each other sometimes even killing each other in gang wars† (Aronson and Lesser, 2011). They have little regard for the law and have developed a carefree attitude toward life. All this happens despite the fact that he knows there’s a life outside this ring. He hides in the ideologies of the group, living a high life; stealing cars even police cars, handling illegal weapons and consuming drugs. He escaped prison after only serving four months in jail instead of the eighteen he had been sentenced to. Hogan (2005) believes that Fernando hides in the present, and does feel comfortable being questioned about what tomorrow holds. He is fully aware about the repercussions of his actions yet he doesn’t care. Fernando’s projection affects others, his idea about being naughty and awoke in him need to be photographed with drugs. This he had wished it be made public, but then it was meant to smear the image of the police’ department. Fernando’s characters have roots in the environment which encompasses the social and cultural practices as well as class and ethnicity. Fernando hails from a community that embraces domestic violence which is the norm of the society. This, together with the lower social status of the community propels the way men behave the way they do. They yearn for better life out of bondage of poverty by seeking solace in a seemingly lucrative trade of drug peddling. As a result, they find themselves in unfamiliar circumstances that abuses drugs. In the centre of shaping the behaviors of a person, which happens in the early childhood of brain development, are the genetic influences. This together with the environment refine, reorganize as well as form neural connections responsible for future behaviors of an individual. The structure of the brain is composed of sub-cortical and cortical limp systems. The former is responsible for instinctive reflexes while the later deliberates reflexes to the environment. Their responses are a consequence of genetic makeup and environment. Fernando’s dissociation from the real life repercussions of his actions depict a life of a child who would have grown up straight had he been given a chance to. For him to conduct his drug business, he has had to shove away the feelings of guilt that plague him. According to Simonsson (2004), his motivation is that somehow he needs to survive; he needs to live his life and achieve all that he ever dreamt and aspired to be in life. He is fully aware that what he does is wrong and says he will opt out only after fulfilling his dreams and ambitions. Conclusion Fernando is just one boy lost in the quest to discover his true abilities. He has been so caught up in the rotation that is life at a tender age. His personal history and that of his family do mak e matters even worse. He has no proud moment in his life unless it is derived from his many escapades in life which are dangerous. Woodhead, and Faulkner (2000) states that the family history dates back to generations of drugs and disoriented families, and whenever he flashes back the only thing he gets is the reminder that he will die like his father, in jail He shudders at the thought of killing himself but with the drugs he is consuming and the age he is at, the idea is not farfetched. He is so scared about the future that he rarely devotes time to think and plan about it. He assumes that in a span of five years ahead of him, he would be either dead or in jail. This is usually the street assumption of the people and children living this kind of life. They take corrections negatively and they react fast to issues, sometimes overreacting. Hatred and war defines their world, and because they rarely went to school, they do not attach so much emphasis on education. The result is a chi ld with misplaced priorities and wrong ideas about what life is composed of, a child who lives by the gun and doesn’t think twice before pulling the trigger. This is what society entails, though if handled well and given all the love and attention at infantry, the child grows up to be a responsible member of the society who values good ideals. These children would also grow up with the family mindset and would strive to bring up upright citizens by giving them proper education, catering for their health and being there to support them when they need them. Children are good at emulating what their parents do, and if anything parents should strive to bring out the best in their children by living a positive and healthy life. References Aronson, J. Lesser, P. (2011) Human behavior and the social environment theory practice. Washington. Washington press. Berzoff, J., Hertz, P. (2008). Inside out and outside in: Psychodynamic clinical theory and psychopathology in contemporary multicultural contexts (2nd Ed.). New York, NY: New York University Press. Goldstein, E. (1995). Ego psychology and social work practice. New York: The Free Press Hogan, D. (2005). Researching ‘the child’ in developmental psychology: Researching Children’s Experience. Approaches and Methods. London: Sage Publications. Lee, N. (2001). Childhood and Society. Growing up in an age of uncertainty Maidenhed: Open University Press. Simonsson, M. (2004). Picture Books in Preschool – an Interactional Perspective. Linkoping Studies in Arts and Science. New York, NY. Bartsford Printing press. Woodhead, M. Faulkner, D. (2000). ‘Subjects, objects or participants? Dilemmas of psychological research with children’.London: Falmer Press.