Relations Between Temperament and Speech-Language Development

The authors provide an overview of issues and research surrounding temperament and how it relates to speech-language development. There have been conflicting views on the exact definition of temperament; however, most researchers agree that temperamental traits are relatively stable over time. As temperament traits interact with the individual’s environmental experiences, personality traits develop (e.g. attitudes, values, self-concept, etc.). The authors identify three models of temperament and how it relates to atypical speech-language development. The disability model proposes that temperament may change due to speech-language disorders, whereas the (pre)disposition or vulnerability model suggests that the onset or changes in speech-language disorders is caused by temperament traits. Finally, the interaction model proposes that the dynamic and complex interaction of disability and vulnerability influence speech-language disorders. Three speech-language disorders and t heir relationship to temperament are explored further by the authors including specific language impairment (SLI), stuttering, and voice disorders. In relation to stuttering, a review of the literature suggests that there are differences in temperament traits when children who stutter (CWS) are compared to children who do not stutter (CWNS). In particular, CWS react more to changes in environment, possess more negative emotions, have decreased attention, have a reduced ability to adapt toShow MoreRelatedThe Ethological Attachment Theory1658 Words   |  7 Pagesexemplifies social referencing? Toms father uses a light mood and a smile to transition Tom from an angry state to a calmer one. Which of the following is true regarding the long-term stability of temperament? Difficult children tend to demonstrate the greatest level of instability in temperament. 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I studied a few articles in which the authors specified the significance of each language skill. They found a strong positive relation between the four skills and stated that none of these is complete without the other. Effective communication is acquired after learningRead MoreHeredity vs. Environment in Human Development Essay example2307 Words   |  10 PagesEnvironment in Human Development Nature- inborn traits and characteristics inherited from parents Nurture- environmental influences, both before and after birth ACTIVE (organism) VS PASSIVE (mechanistic) Organismic- People are active growing organisms that set their own development in motion ACT not react to environmental influences *cannot predict behavior by simple responses to environmental stimulus Emphasize qualitative change, see development occurring in STAGESRead MoreUnit 113408 Words   |  14 Pagesunit 110 work with parents to meet their children s needs 1.1 explain the evolving and interdependent nature of the relationship between parents and their children The relationship between parents and their children is always changing, starting from as soon as birth takes place – this is when a strong bond of attachments are formed and parents endeavour to meet the needs of their baby. By the time children are two the relationship starts to change as parents start to educate children, guideRead MoreA Knowledge Of Maternal Substance Abuse And The Disordered Language Characteristics2173 Words   |  9 Pagesmaternal substance abuse and the disordered language characteristics that are concomitant, is essential to effective therapy. Researchers concur that varying qualities and quantities of an enriching postnatal linguistic environment, directly correlates to the child’s future linguistic and academic success (Lewis et al., 2004). This paper examines the association between prenatal cocaine use and its effects on the developmental domains, specifically language. Additionally, to provide a comprehensiveRead MorePreschool Observation Paper3113 Words   |  13 PagesSETTING The date of my observation was April 27th, 2010. It was about 9:30 in the morning when I began my study. I went to Grossmont College’s Child Development Center. The first thing I began looking for was if the child-teacher ratio was correct. The child ratio was 2 teachers to about every 8 children. The ratio was good. As I entered there was one large room that almost looked as if it could be two rooms they way it was set up. One half consisted of a large bookshelf with numerous

Character Analysis of Telemachus and The Odyssey by Homer...

Telemachus In the beginning of The Odyssey, Telemachus is not yet a man and not sure of himself yet. Embarking on a mission to find his father, he matures from a child to a strong, single-minded adult. Throughout the poem, Telemachus finds his place in the world and becomes a more well-rounded person. Although Telemachus never quite matches his father Odysseus in terms of wit, strength, agility, his resilience does develop throughout the text. In the epic, The Odyssey, by Homer, the young boy Telemachus changes from an insecure teen into a confident and poised young man as he travels the seas in search for his father, whose bravery and intelligence proves to be comparable to his own. In The Odyssey, Homer shows how Telemachus matures†¦show more content†¦For example, whenever he tries to order them to leave or take control of the suitors, they are surprised that he can speak so boldly at first, but then begin to mock him for sounding so grown up. During one particular lecture, â€Å"So Telemachus declared. And they all bit their lips, amazed the prince could speak with so much daring. Eupithes’ son Antinous broke their silence: ‘Well Telemachus, only the gods could teach you to sound so high and mighty!† (Homer 90). He is being mocked for seeming so grown up and trying to take control. They do not see him yet as a man. Homer shows how Telemachus has grown up in The Odyssey, through how he changes his attitude about taking responsibility for his household. At the beginning of the story, he is not that adamant about taking care of his home. He says, â€Å"’Isn’t it quite enough that you, my mother’s suitors have ravaged it all, my very best, these many years, while I was still a boy?’† (Pg. 103 lines 346-8) He just cares about the material wealth of the household. He doesn’t think that it is his duty to take care of it. This is a very immature view. However, Telemachus does take some responsibility for it. He lets the guest into his house and tells his mother to go upstairs, which shows he is taking responsibility for what is his. This is true in some ways, but he is only taking on minimal responsibility because it is required of him, not because heShow MoreRelatedThe Odyssey, The Presence Of Divine Intervention Essay1545 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout the Odyssey, the presence of divine intervention overwhelmingly shapes the story as a whole. The relationship between humans and gods within the book can be characterized as one that provides humans options, commonly in the form of an omen and according to their choices, will result in a set punishment or appraisal. From an individual’s choices in life and the aforementioned trials, a god or goddess will positively or negatively impact the person’s life. This divine intervention drivesRead MoreAthena, The Goddess Of Wisdom And Strategy965 Words   |  4 Pageswisdom and strategy, plays an intriguing role throughout The Odyssey. An example of this role is specifically shown in Book 19, as she is present with Odysseus and Telemachus in the halls. In this scene, Athena is shown holding a golden lamp in front of Telemachus and Odysseus as they walk the halls. Odysseus is able to see Athena is holding the lamp. However, Telemachus cannot see her and is bedazzled by the golden radiance and glow. As Homer states, Odysseus and his princely son, And began to carryRead MoreOdyssey Reflection Paper1936 Words   |  8 PagesHomer’s The Odyssey is home to many classics within its pages. From the Cyclops, Scylla and a myriad of other creatures, The Odyssey is a classic in every sense of the word and its influence on modern day culture is plain to see. However, it wasn’t just the monsters that drew people into Homer’s tale, it was also characters. Describing the tale of Odysseus, who after winning a ten-year long war thanks to his quick wits and high intelligence. 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Her physical attributes, while comely by even the most demanding standards, are veiled. Her intellectual attributes are veiled too. She seems more often than not to wear a veil of tears (for her man) or a veil of silence (for her own wishes), or ineptitude (in her dealings with her son). She is certainly no Helen. She is not flaunting or whore-ish. She is not

Terrorism and Immigration Legal Report Free Essays

As the world’s population grew, so did political and economic instability, as well as major international conflicts. Tensions between countries and cultures tightened, and eventually and inevitably, one of them attacked. This terrorist act brought with it the panic and chaos fuelled haze that was post-911 Australia, and similar to many situations in the past, the fear and vulnerability associated with the community allowed the government quite a substantial amount of political power. We will write a custom essay sample on Terrorism and Immigration Legal Report or any similar topic only for you Order Now This atmosphere of fear and ignorance lead to several incomplete and somewhat extreme pieces of Anti terrorist legislation to be passed by the Howard government, in order to ensure the safety of all Australians, or so they said. Dr Mohammed Haneef a doctor working in Queensland on a skilled migrant visa, soon found himself a victim of these laws. When two Indian men attempted to bomb an airport in Glasgow, UK, Mohammed Haneef became a suspect in the eyes of the Australian Federal Police, and was arrested shortly. Several blunders and misinterpretations by the AFP lead to the wrongful detention and charging of Dr Haneef, a man who spent a total of 12 days in detention without being charged and had his visa unfairly revoked during his trial. Haneef was eventually released and all charges were dropped against him, when the Public Prosecutor determined that there was no legitimate trial against him. However, the course of events that Dr Haneef experienced brought to light the glaring dilemmas associated with Australia’s radical Anti Terrorist laws and corresponding government agencies. The Clarke inquiry and concurrent recommendations As a result of the badly handled Mohammed Haneef case, the labour party ordered a full inquiry be conducted into the legal case, in order to identify the key faults and inefficiencies in government agencies and legislation that related to the Haneef Case. This Inquiry was called the Clarke inquiry, conducted by John Clarke, a Supreme Court judge. Despite the inquiry lacking several crucial powers, it worked well to suggest a number of key findings and recommendations. Some very key recommendations that worked toward rectifying mistakes made in the Haneef case were as follows: That the government consider establishing legislation or necessary arrangements that would consequently apply to other inquiries and reviews that involve national security. That parliament review part 1c of the Crimes act 1914, the part that relates to terrorism offences. That the Australian government appoint an independent reviewer of the Australian counter terrorism laws. That the Minister for immigration and citizenship be included in the list for security intelligence notifications and reports produced by ASIO, in order to prevent miscommunication in the future. All of these recommendations and more were implemented and thoroughly elaborated on by the Australian government. Anti-Terrorism laws reformed due to the Haneef case. Following the Haneef case and the Clarke inquiry, the government decided that necessary reforms were in order and announced its intentions to amend and alter several Anti-terrorism laws in order for them to correlate with conventional, sophisticated standards, standards that find a fair balance between national security and civil liberties. The Labour government took a major step in deciding to abolish the sedition terms within anti terror legislation while focusing more on rebellious acts that insight violence. The previous laws were deemed restricting of academic liberty and free speech. Some of the other significant changes listed in a newspaper article include the advancement of individual review of the Australian federal police, the government’s decision to broaden powers assigned to the Inspector general of intelligence and security which allows inquiries to extend across all National security agencies, and the in-statement of an independent reviewer of Australia’s counter terrorism laws, to be named the National security Legislation Monitor. These reforms are a strong representation in the government’s effectiveness in update obsolete or otherwise procedurally dangerous Anti-Terror laws. These changes are the first of many steps in order to find the balance between human rights and National security. Claims for compensation by Mohammed Haneef After the ill handled arrest and charge against Mohammed Haneef and the distasteful cancellation of his Visa, Haneef has finally returned to Australia to claim compensation against the federal government on the basis on his trauma, loss of wages and career, defamation. Despite having an almost iron hard case against the federal government, Haneef opted to first try his best to resolve the manner through a mediation process. A News article reported that Mohammed Haneef’s lawyers were able to reach an agreement with the federal government and rested his claims for compensation, a substantial claim, though the actual amount is undisclosed. It can be seen as a victory for the Mohammed Haneef and the Australian government, whose reputation will be partially restored over the matter. The government chose to make a good decision and provide Haneef with legitimate compensation through very discreet and uncontroversial means, casting little to no negative association to the government. Formal apology from the Federal government Almost immediately following Dr Haneef’s success in claiming compensation, as reported in a relevant media article, the federal government released a document in the form of a formal apology on behalf of the AFP’s several blunders and misinterpretations, which lead to the prolonged detention and charge of Mohammed Haneef. Haneef’s lawyer congratulated the Government for recognising the need for such measures in a formal declaration of innocence, that would help clear Haneef’s name of any wrong doing . The AFP also participated in the assist of Dr Haneef’s claim for compensation, and were eager to rectify its previous hastily made mistakes. The Federal government’s formal apology not only allowed Haneef’s professional reputation be cleansed, but also publicly rid them of any negative association with the controversial court case. Conclusion The politically fueled implementation of Anti-terrorism legislation by the Howard government was a rushed and ineffective endeavor, and despite Mohammed Haneef becoming the victim of such broad laws, his Case, as well as the efforts of the labour government, allowed these radical laws to be reformed to concur with Australia’s legal and utilitarian standards. How to cite Terrorism and Immigration Legal Report, Papers